Who can invoke the Dormant Commerce Clause?

• A. Aliens can
• B. Corporations can
• C. All of the above
• D. Citizens can

Answer: (D)

The Dormant Commerce Clause is about preventing state laws that unduly burden interstate trade. To bring a challenge, you need standing—a person or entity directly affected by the law’s impact on commerce. In the typical bar-exam framing, a citizen is the straightforward claimant who has a real, concrete stake in protecting the free flow of goods and economic activity across state lines. That makes the citizen the clearest, most direct person to invoke the rule against state measures that hamper interstate commerce. The other groups aren’t the standard example the question is aimed at, so this choice best matches how the Dormant Commerce Clause is usually asserted in exams.