Which of the following constitutes a breach?

• A. Less than Substantial Performance
• B. Anticipatory Repudiation may be breach depending on reliance
• C. Finishing a job late is a breach
• D. None of the above

Answer: (B)

Anticipatory repudiation is a breach because it occurs when one party clearly signals they will not perform when due. That clear indication allows the other party to treat the contract as breached immediately and seek damages. Whether damages are recoverable depends on reliance: if the non-breaching party relied on the repudiation to their detriment, they can recover those losses; if there’s no reliance, they still have remedies, but the key point is that breach can occur before performance is due. The other options aren’t universal breaches: finishing a job late only breaches if time is of the essence or a deadline is stipulated; performing less than substantial can be a breach but depends on materiality, not automatically. None of the above isn’t correct because anticipatory repudiation can be a breach.