Which clause prohibits discrimination against non-residents by a state?

• A. The Privileges of Immunities Clause
• B. The Privileges of Speech Clause
• C. The Commerce Clause
• D. Article IV prevents discrimination against non-residents

Answer: (D)

Discrimination against non-residents by a state is addressed by the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV. This clause bars a state from treating citizens of other states differently from its own in fundamental rights and in the basic activities essential to earning a living, traveling, or engaging in trade, unless a substantial justification can be shown. That makes it the clearest rule prohibiting such discrimination. The other options don’t fit as well: the idea of a “Privileges of Speech Clause” isn’t a recognized constitutional provision (speech protections come mainly from the First Amendment), and the Commerce Clause (including its dormant aspect) deals with regulating interstate commerce rather than general protections for non-residents’ rights.