Which amendment guards against unreasonable searches and seizures?

• A. First Amendment
• B. Fifth Amendment
• C. Sixth Amendment
• D. Fourth Amendment

Answer: (D)

Unreasonable searches and seizures are addressed by the Fourth Amendment. It protects privacy by generally requiring that law enforcement have a proper basis—probable cause—and, usually, a warrant that specifies the place to be searched and the items to be seized. This keeps searches from being arbitrary and gives individuals a clear standard against government intrusion. There are recognized exceptions to the warrant requirement, such as consent, exigent circumstances, searches incident to a lawful arrest, plain view, and certain border searches, but the default rule centers on warrants and probable cause.

The First Amendment protects freedoms like speech and religion, the Fifth Amendment covers due process and protection against self-incrimination, and the Sixth Amendment secures rights to counsel and a fair trial. The one that directly guards against unreasonable searches and seizures is the Fourth Amendment.