Under the Establishment Clause, which is a required secular purpose for government action involving religion?

• A. Secular Purpose
• B. Effect (must not advance religion)
• C. No excessive entanglement with the government
• D. All of the above

Answer: (A)

The essential idea is that, under the Establishment Clause, the action must have a secular purpose. This means the government measure should be aimed at non-religious objectives rather than advancing or promoting religion. The other two parts of the Lemon test—whether the primary effect neither advances nor inhibits religion, and whether the government action avoids excessive entanglement with religion—are separate requirements that must also be satisfied, but they describe different aspects of the constitutional analysis. Since the question asks for the secular purpose, the correct choice is that the action must have a neutral, non-religious purpose. The other criteria are related but not themselves the secular purpose.