Secured transactions are governed by which article of the Uniform Commercial Code?

• A. Uniform Commercial Code, Article 9
• B. Civil Practice Law and Rules
• C. New York Real Property Law
• D. New York Insurance Law

Answer: (A)

Secured transactions are governed by Article 9 because it sets out the rules for security interests in personal property—how such interests are created, attached, perfected, and enforced, and how priorities and remedies work if the debtor defaults. A security interest typically arises when a security agreement describes the collateral and the creditor gives value, and perfection is usually achieved by filing a financing statement to provide notice to other potential creditors. The other options correspond to distinct areas: Civil Practice Law and Rules handles civil procedure; Real Property Law covers interests in real estate; and Insurance Law governs the regulation of insurance. Therefore, Article 9 is the correct source for secured transactions.